References for Negative Patient Descriptors: Documenting Racial Bias in the Electronic Health Record

Alpert, Ash B., Jamie E. Mehringer, Sunshine J. Orta, Emile Redwood, Tresne Hernandez, Lexis Rivers, Charlie Manzano, et al. “Experiences of Transgender People Reviewing Their Electronic Health Records, a Qualitative Study.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 38, no. 4 (2023): 970–77.
Carpenter, Joseph E., Jillian Catalanotti, Melissa Notis, Christopher Brokus, Timothy P. Moran, Hana Akselrod, Greer Burkholder, et al. “Use of Nonstigmatizing Language Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Hospitalized People Who Inject Drugs.” Journal of Hospital Medicine 18, no. 8 (2023): 670–76.
Harrigian, Keith, Ayah Zirikly, Brant Chee, Alya Ahmad, Anne Links, Somnath Saha, Mary Catherine Beach, and Mark Dredze. “Characterization of Stigmatizing Language in Medical Records.” In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), 312–29. Toronto, Canada: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023.
Lam, Barbara D., David Dupee, Macda Gerard, and Sigall K. Bell. “A Patient-Centered Approach to Writing Ambulatory Visit Notes in the Cures Act Era.” Applied Clinical Informatics 14, no. 01 (2023): 199–204.
Mithani, Zamina, and J. Wesley Boyd. “Medicalized Oppression: Labels of ‘Violence Risk’ in the Electronic Medical Record.” The American Journal of Bioethics 23, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 28–31.
Sedney, Cara L., Patricia Dekeseredy, Sarah A. Singh, and Monika Holbein. “Stigmatizing Language Expressed Towards Individuals With Current or Previous OUD Who Have Pain and Cancer: A Qualitative Study.” Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 65, no. 6 (2023): 553–61.
Silva, Jennifer M., T. Elizabeth Durden, and Annemarie Hirsch. “Erasing Inequality: Examining Discrepancies between Electronic Health Records and Patient Narratives to Uncover Perceived Stigma and Dismissal in Clinical Encounters.” Social Science & Medicine 323 (2023): 115837.
Yan, Chao, Xinmeng Zhang, Yuyang Yang, Kaidi Kang, Martin C. Were, Peter Embí, Mayur B. Patel, Bradley A. Malin, Abel N. Kho, and You Chen. “Differences in Health Professionals’ Engagement With Electronic Health Records Based on Inpatient Race and Ethnicity.” JAMA Network Open 6, no. 10 (October 9, 2023): e2336383.